Cytokinins
are well known to have synergistic effects with auxins. At very low
concentration, cytokinins may increase the number of shoots of cereal
species and promote the growth of stems. They may interact with auxin
and gibberellic acid in regulating cell division and cell enlargement
in the plants. They may increase root growth. The increase in root
growth is necessary for water and nutrient uptakes which will then
result in better plant growth and increased yield.
On
cereal crops, when applied at 4-6 leaf stages cytokinins can increase
the number of tillers. It can also improve head development and hence
results in better yield.
Cytokinins
have been found to break dormancy of potato buds. Application of
cytokinins to seed pieces have shown to promote early potato and root
growth. Research results on foliar application have shown significant
tuber yield increases and tubers of a more uniform size. The increase
in tuber yield and uniformity in tuber size may be a result of
cytokinins affect the distribution of metabolites.
Cytokinins
affect flowering of grapes. It increases the number of berries set. In
some cultivars, it increases the number and weight of berry set. The
application of cytokinins 2 to 3 weeks before bloom may enhance the
proportion of perfect flowers and hence increases the number of berry
set.
Reduced
fruit drops was observed on fruit trees receiving foliar application of
cytokinins. Cytokinins may also affect fruit set and fruit
development. Application of cytokinins together with gibberellins has
shown to increase fruit sizes. Amino acid cysteine and its
derivatives, thioproline, are activators for plant metabolism which
leads to increased plant growth and yield. Thioproline when entered
into plants will affect proline metabolism. It will also form
Forrnilcysteine and cysteine which can release the thio (-SH) groups to
be used as activators for plant metabolism.
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